Types of removable dentures - partial, full and two teeth: artificial jaw prosthetics on hooks and its installation - how it is attached, placed, made and what it is

Artificial jaws: types

First of all, let's define the terminology to make the following text easier to understand.

Basis - the base, which looks very similar to the gum, fits tightly to the oral cavity. The borders are made of modern polymer materials.
Fastening – various locks with hooks securing the entire structure to supporting healthy organs.
Implants are elements firmly embedded in the base, replacing individual chewing units. In production, light components are used that are as close in color to real teeth as possible.

Classification by type

Types are divided according to the substances contained in the composition. However, a distinction based on how partial dentures are placed, how they are inserted and secured, and what the dentures look like is the most correct approach.

Lamellar

The most inexpensive and accessible way to restore chewing functions. The plastic base completely covers the curves in the patient’s mouth and the contours of the gums. They are attached to supporting intact masticatory organs. Acrylic, nylon, and other modern materials that prevent allergic reactions are used in the production of these implants.

Low cost with simple fixation are the main advantages. The age group of patients for their use is not limited. However, the restoration of chewing functions does not occur completely; diction may be impaired, and the structure does not hold well in the mouth. The photo shows the installation of removable plate and one-sided dentures on hooks.

Clasp

Artificial analogues are attached to a metal frame. Since the base is made of durable material, the product will last quite a long time. Installed using various hooks, crowns and other methods.

This type of substitution is not suitable for those who have allergic reactions to the main component. High cost is also a significant disadvantage. Among the positive features are strength, strong fixation, complete restoration, natural appearance.

Immediates

They cannot be considered a permanent solution, as they are temporary measures. The installation of partially removable dentures is shown in the photo.

For a short period of time they can completely restore all aesthetic and chewing functions. But, it should be remembered that their use is only possible when one or two damaged units are restored.

Low cost along with quick installation are positive aspects. Soft components make the implant unstable to heavy loads and greatly reduce its service life. The use of immediates is common in dental practice when it is necessary to prevent the displacement of remaining teeth towards the removed ones.

Caring for removable dentures

Although a removable denture is an artificial structure, it still requires careful and high-quality care, because in fact, after installation, it becomes part of your body. Proper care of removable dentures guarantees comfortable wearing of the structure and its durability.

There are rules that must be followed for those who want to keep their dentures for a long time.

Rules for caring for removable dentures

After each meal, try to remove the denture to rinse it under running water. This not only ensures the comfort of wearing the denture (small particles of food remaining under the structure are very disturbing), but also guarantees the protection of the gums from the effects of pathogenic bacteria. Those pieces of food that remain under dentures are a breeding ground for microbes that can cause gum disease.

Cleaning a removable denture should be done with a soft-bristled toothbrush so as not to damage the integrity of the structure. When cleaning, special attention should be paid to: the part that is in direct contact with the gum, areas near the salivary gland canals, the front part of the lower jaw dentures and the side part of the upper jaw denture.

You can use regular toothpastes to clean your dentures. But try not to clean your dentures with whitening toothpaste. Such pastes contain strong abrasive substances that can damage the material of the structure.

Before going to bed, after the adaptation period has passed, the denture should either be left in the mouth or removed. You should clean your denture not only after each meal, but also before going to bed. It is necessary to store dentures at night in purified water (even boiled water will do) or a special composition that you can buy in pharmacies.

In case of breathing problems, sleep disorders, snoring and teeth grinding, dentures must be removed at night. If you are absolutely sure that you have one of the listed diseases, tell your dentist about it at your appointment. You will be recommended a treatment that will relieve you of your sleep problems. If you are concerned about your prosthesis or are just about to start prosthetics, we suggest you contact our Dentistry clinic on Shchelkovskaya Diamed. Convenient location, attentive doctors, and extensive experience in working with removable dentures guarantee you the accuracy of the work performed and the comfort of wearing a removable denture. You can sign up for the clinic by calling 8 or using the online registration form.

Eating with removable dentures

Caring for removable dentures involves regular disinfection. The prosthesis is placed in water in which a special disinfectant capsule is dissolved. It is enough to place the prosthesis in the prepared solution for only fifteen minutes.

To maintain the beautiful appearance of the prosthesis for as long as possible, try to consume less products with dyes, as well as tea, coffee, wine and other alcohol. Smoking also significantly increases the likelihood of darkening and discoloration of the denture. Avoid getting sticky food (taffy, chewing gum) on your dentures. Crackers, hard nuts, ice - all this should not be chewed if you do not want the prosthesis or artificial tooth to break.

How to make a denture, a completely artificial false jaw: materials

The components that form the basis of such products determine the quality of human life. Good and durable, anti-allergenic, do not cause discomfort, are installed painlessly, quickly and easily. The main thing is that there is no rejection.

Prostheses from the low price segment are often manufactured in a short time. However, they do not tolerate heavy loads well, do not last long, and can cause unpleasant sensations: itching, irritation of the oral cavity.

Plastic

Affordable and widespread chemical material. It is used in all spheres of human life: from domestic needs to medical. It gained popularity due to its efficiency and easy processing.

Low cost greatly influenced its development in dentistry. The affordable price is perhaps its only advantage in this area. Simple installation, fastening of partially removable and fully overlay plate dentures with the palate has the following reviews:

fall out;
ugly appearance;
cause severe discomfort while eating due to unevenly distributed load.

Particularly weak attachment in the lower jaw area. The sublingual space is uneven, so it is impossible to attach a classic suction cup to it. The problem is solved as follows:

use special creams for retention;
installation of the lower chewing part is carried out on living units.

Orthopedic products are held in place by clasps, which grip the implant at the base and give the structure the necessary rigidity. The most popular are removable dentures ivocap with the following pros and cons.

Positive traits:

the upper jaw has good stability;
low cost;
common;
suitable for repair;
ease of construction;
unpretentious in care.

Negative sides:

a large frame takes up a lot of space in the mouth;
clasps are noticeable with close eye contact;
the lower part is poorly fixed;
the alveolar arch and process gradually atrophy;
short-lived.

Recommended as a temporary solution, or for complete/partial edentia.

Made from acrylic

The most inexpensive and widespread prostheses, which are based on polymer masses of low cost and quality. Among all lamellar ones, they are able to provide acceptable aesthetics. They are highly allergenic, fall out, break and cause discomfort.

Acry-free

Removable dentures or dentures made from an improved polymer relieve its owner from possible irritation of the oral cavity, are more durable, and reduce the risk of breakage.

An excellent option for temporary solutions while a high-quality and durable replacement is manufactured. People with hypersensitivity can easily wear them until full implants are inserted.

Spofadent

The base is made of three-layer plastic. They are characterized by durability, strength, resistance to chemical compounds, and visual appeal.

The design is loved by dentists and clients for its beautiful appearance. A colored complete removable denture is an analogue of living tissue.

IvoBase

Polymethyl methacrylate is an organic plastic that has innovative properties thanks to a unique creation method (the polymer is mixed in an injection device):

greatly reduces the risk of an allergic reaction;
prevents hypersensitivity;
eliminates errors (low bite, large shrinkage).

Automation follows the entire technological process exactly. As a result, porosity decreases and strength increases. These properties ensure the durability of the entire system.

Vertext

Modern and thermoplastic, eliminates the use of monomer. Dryness, burning, allergic reactions are completely absent. The material is much stronger than analogues. Consequently, the basis is very thin. In turn, it increases the sensitivity of taste buds and articulation.

DeFlex

An Argentine company has made a breakthrough in dentistry by developing a polyamide that ensures complete transparency of the entire frame, including clasps. Transmitting light, it completely merges with the tissues of the oral cavity.

Widely used by athletes, police officers, and emergency services to provide jaw protection.

Nylon

The base is filled with soft nylon. 100% transparency ensures complete fusion with the mucous membrane. Clasps are made of the same material.

The patient quickly gets used to the foreign body in the mouth. High elasticity reduces stress on gums and soft tissues. The sufficient strength of the material used makes it possible to minimize the frame in order to maintain diction.

However, the pros turn out to be cons. To answer the described contradiction, it is important to understand the following question: how is a full-fledged nylon denture installed?

The thin and elastic component located at the base requires a mesh structure. When chewing hard food, fibers dig into the palate or gums, causing pain.

Advantages:

quick addiction;
100% camouflage;
biocompatibility.

Flaws:

frequent hair loss requires you to always use fixing creams and ointments;
chewing function – weak;
expensive;
lead to accumulation of plaque on the rough part;
require adherence to a strict diet;
the alveolar ridge bears the entire load.

Indications for use:

partial edentia with preservation of supporting organs;
in cases where aesthetics comes to the fore;
The patient is allergic to acrylic.

So, we figured out how false jaws are made, the pros and cons of dental prostheses and various components. Let's move on to indications for the use of other types.

Method number 1: on the gums and palate

The most common and budget option is overdentures, which are held in the mouth using the suction effect on the mucous membrane, palate and gums. These are completely removable structures that are installed when there are no teeth at all. They are very massive, have a palatal overlap in the upper jaw and a large base if it is necessary to restore teeth in the lower jaw.

The bulky base of such devices helps to increase the area of contact with the mucous membrane, because without this they simply will not be able to stay in the oral cavity. However, the base of the structures also becomes the main reason why patients experience discomfort. The base covers the gums, rubs them, causes attacks of nausea and increased salivation, interferes with full conversation and the taste of your favorite dishes, and small pieces of food get stuck under it.

Such dentures are fixed on the gums and palate

There is a large selection of similar structures: acrylic, nylon, silicone, from monomer-free materials of Italian quality (Quattro Ti) and acrylic resins (Acry-Free). Each type of device has its own advantages, but they are all united by a big drawback, which is most clearly manifested in patients who choose covering dentures in the absence of teeth. Bone tissue atrophy occurs under the structures, which is why they gradually begin to fit poorly to the gums and fall out of the mouth without the use of glue or additional corrections by an orthopedic dentist.

Immediate

Replace a unilateral included defect. The design can be created from any materials used in dentistry. Capable of restoring a row of holes. Also found under the name "butterflies".

Several artificial crowns are attached to a miniature base, secured with hooks and locks. Recommended as a temporary solution after removal of diseased masticatory organs.

For those who are going to install metal ceramics and do not have enough money, it helps to gain time to collect them. Some patients use it all their lives, replacing it with a new one after a few years.

Indications for prosthetics

The main indications for dental restoration are a significant deterioration in the quality of chewing food, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and traumatic tooth extraction as a result of an incident or accident. The aesthetic factor is also extremely important.

If tooth loss as a result of injury cannot be accurately predicted, then the appearance of certain symptoms should be the reason for an emergency visit to the dental clinic. Gum diseases, caries, tooth decay, chipped enamel from their front surface - all this requires immediate intervention from a dentist. Most dental diseases lead not only to oral discomfort, but also to tooth loss.

Conditionally removable

Anyone who has ever gone to the dentist for dentures is concerned about how to make them, who makes and inserts dentures on hooks, what methods of fastening exist, and what they look like on the teeth.

The design received its name due to special fixation methods. Special crowns and clasps ensure a secure fit in the mouth. They will never fly out on their own. You can remove it using special skills (usually a dentist does this).

Clasp

This type of implant is described above. Additionally, 3 types of structures should be distinguished:

Clammers. The metal claw mount provides a secure fit and poor aesthetics.
Lock. Divided into two parts: the first on the side, the second on the inside. Installation of such a connection requires grinding of adjacent elements.
Telescopic. The inner crown is made of solid metal, onto which an outer structure (for example, ceramic) is placed.

Indications for use:

edentia, in which at least 5 teeth are preserved;
more than three units in a row are missing;
mobile teeth (loose);
other implants cannot be installed.

Quadrotti

Clasp or clasp without metal. Biocompatible plastic is at the core of the entire design.

Positive traits:

there is no need to grind the supporting parts;
the material does not cause allergies;
cheap;
the patient gets used to it easily;
the chewing load is distributed correctly.

Negative qualities:

despite greater stability compared to fully removable ones, the fixation is weak;
the classic arc has high strength;
service life is 3-4 years.

How a new generation of complete removable dentures are attached without a palate and what they are like

It is based on two materials:

hard acrylic for bases and implants;
soft polyurethane for fasteners.

At the base of the mechanism is an imitation of gum, which ensures a strong fixation. Dentists are still arguing about what type they should be: completely removable or not.

Do-it-yourself prosthesis repair at home

The best way to repair a prosthesis is to contact a specialized laboratory technician. He will not only eliminate the defect, but also carry out preventive cleaning and correct the unbalanced basis. But situations arise when a visit to the dentist is simply impossible, so you can repair the structure at home.

The success of the procedure depends on the cause of the breakdown:

poor quality and dentist errors;
wear and tear of the material after the end of its service life ;
abuse of crackers, nuts;
gum subsidence.

At home, you can fix minor damage: a loose artificial molar, a chip on the base or a crack on the base. If deformation occurs due to subsidence of the gums, the appearance of a tumor or frequent inflammation, it is necessary to apply for a full correction of the prosthesis. Broken support pins and cemented crowns cannot be repaired with your own hands.

Features of pharmacy adhesive for dentures

You can repair a cracked removable denture using pharmaceutical glue (Coracryl and Protacryl-M). These are special formulations that have a number of advantages:

do not provoke allergies;
do not react with saliva and food;
do not degrade the quality of the prosthesis;
eliminate damage for a long time.

Read Installing crowns on teeth - indications, preparation, nuances

The product in two bottles can be purchased in special stores. They offer entire kits for urgent repair of denture structures. They contain varnishes and wax polymers that are safe for mucous membranes, which reliably and quickly glue the edges of the crack without deforming the base.

How to use it correctly?

To prepare the glue, you need to mix a little liquid from each bubble in a 2 to 1 ratio and place it carefully. The crack on the prosthesis is carefully rubbed and sanded to eliminate unevenness. Using a miniature spatula or syringe, apply a thick layer of glue to the defect. The polymer lamp speeds up the curing process. After complete drying, it is necessary to remove the tubercles and remove the seal, making sure there are no sharp corners.

Why can't you use ordinary industrial glue?

To repair artificial teeth with your own hands, you must use only high-quality materials. Conventional glue for working with plastic is attractive due to its low price and availability, but has a number of serious disadvantages:

may corrode acrylic or nylon soft base;
provokes deformation and curvature of the base;
causes an allergic reaction;
leaves a specific taste.

Household glue often contains dangerous toxic compounds. With saliva, they enter the esophageal mucosa and provoke inflammation of the stomach walls, corroding them. This can cause painful gastritis or ulcers.

What to choose if you are completely missing teeth

If the doctor has not identified any contraindications, separate implants are recommended. However, you can look towards removable or partially removable options.

Partial absence

Conducive to installing butterflies and crowns. Any of the methods described in the article is suitable for replacing a bite. Only a qualified specialist can provide the correct advice in each specific case.

For the upper and lower parts of the mouth

If we are talking about removable structures, plate options can be used at the top, and fixed ones at the bottom. This advice is based on the anatomical features of the jaw. However, only the doctor will provide the correct solution.

Comments

What materials are such a prosthesis made of?

Makarova O.A. (08/21/2020 at 10:17 pm) Reply to comment

Editorial staff of the portal UltraSmile.ru (08/23/2020 at 12:21 pm) Reply to comment

Thanks for such a wonderful article. Tell me, what do you think, with very problematic and regularly inflamed gums, which option should you pay attention to first? The area for prosthetics is large, but I don’t want removable dentures.

Marina A. (09.23.2020 at 09:18) Reply to comment

Please tell me, my mother wants to install such a prosthesis, but I have heard that they are not reliable, they can fly out and wobble. In this case, there will be severe discomfort, is that true?

Elena (09/23/2020 at 01:01 pm) Reply to comment

And I heard that fixing dentures with cream, firstly, is not very reliable, and secondly, with prolonged use it can be dangerous. What creams should I use to ensure safety?

Victor (09/23/2020 at 01:07 pm) Reply to comment

If a removable denture was installed not so long ago, you are wondering how it is fixed, what is the covering structure? How much will it cost to fix removable covering systems on implants?

Oleg (09.23.2020 at 14:30) Reply to comment

Dentures were placed on the upper jaw. It took me a long time to get used to it, they pressed and rubbed. The gums were inflamed. I went many times for correction. Probably in a couple of months I began to wear them fully, but they began to fall off while eating. My dentist recommended Mostaden Twins Tech cream to me. It easily attaches to wet dentures. Does not change the taste of food and drinks. There is a pleasant mint taste in the mouth. Has a secure hold for up to 12 hours. Prevents food from penetrating under the denture. I began to fully wear the prosthesis without fear that it would fall out while eating or while talking.

Alice (10/21/2020 at 11:34 am) Reply to comment

Good afternoon Can you please tell me how long it will take to install dentures on my natural teeth? Is there any alternative while the prosthesis is being manufactured? Thanks in advance for your answer.

Sasha (11/20/2020 at 6:29 pm) Reply to comment

Of course, you can fix any prosthesis in your mouth. Both the lower and upper parts. But if you had surgery or had a bone cut off, then the prosthesis may not fit on such gums. Not every specialist will undertake such work.

Alina (11/20/2020 at 08:22 pm) Reply to comment

It’s good that now there are so many ways and options. But which one is the most reliable, which is recommended in most cases? Or will it all be purely individual?

Olga (11/20/2020 at 08:29 pm) Reply to comment

After reading the article, several questions arose. 1) How long do removable and fixed implants last? Which ones are more durable? 2) Is it difficult to care for them and maintain an aesthetic appearance?

Artyom (11/20/2020 at 09:04 pm) Reply to comment

Of course, implants are better because they will last better. And so my mother used Corega cream. Helped a little, but not much. She has the most ordinary prosthetics. Although I already made the second one 15 years later. The gums sank, so the first ones no longer held up.

Peter (11/20/2020 at 9:16 pm) Reply to comment

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Service life and care

Durability depends on materials, quality of installation and maintenance. The following tips will help you make it last as long as possible:

every 6 months it is necessary to visit a doctor to assess the condition - especially when using rigid structures;
2 times a day you need to treat the oral cavity and removable jaws with a solution or rinse with clean water;
follow individual recommendations received from your doctor.

The article answered the questions: what is a complete and partially removable denture, what types are there in dentistry, which are better, what the price depends on. It should be noted that the text is not a guide to action; its main purpose is to introduce the reader to the varieties. If you have any questions or pain, please contact your dentist.

Cover structures – what are they?

In the classical sense, overdentures are removable appliances that get their name from the word “overdenture,” which literally means “overdenture” in English. That is, they usually cover, or more precisely, rest on the teeth and roots preserved in the mouth, or installed implants. In this case, the term “covering” is considered most appropriate.

Overdentures are removable appliances

However, today this is the name given to any removable systems. Even those that rest solely on the gums, when there are no teeth at all in the mouth. Experts justify this by the fact that in this case the structures are also covered, only not by implants and teeth, but by gums.

A dental overdenture can fill just one defect, can be partial (for partial and multiple edentia) or complete, when it is necessary to restore all the teeth on one/several jaws.

Now let’s look in more detail at what methods of fixing covering systems in the oral cavity exist.

Examples of prostheses made in our laboratory

Thermoplastic (clasp) "Quattroti".

ACRY FREE (acrylic free).

Nylon removable denture.

The article was checked by: Meleshkin Dmitry Vladimirovich

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Fitting and installation

The installation process will take only 2-3 days, and will require 3 visits to the doctor.

The initial stage includes a primary diagnosis of the oral cavity, the condition of the teeth and gums, as well as taking an impression. The production of a removable denture will take from 3 to 14 days, depending on the type of design chosen.

At the stage of installing a removable denture, it is important to assess the level of comfort when wearing it. It is important that the patient does not experience pain during fitting and does not rub the gums.

At the final stage, the doctor secures the prosthesis with clasps and tells the patient how to use and care for it.

In the case of implants with bar fasteners, support rods are first fixed in the jaw tissue. A short break will be required for implantation. After this, a completely removable denture is installed.

If the patient does not have the opportunity to undergo a rehabilitation period, an alternative may be implantation technology with immediate loading. In this case, tooth restoration takes 1-2 days.

With proper use, a removable denture will last you 7-10 years. If damage occurs, it can be repaired, but if the base is damaged or the dental crowns are severely deformed, then our experts recommend replacing the denture with a new one to eliminate the risk of injury to the oral cavity and infection.