Tooth extraction forceps: types of instruments for the lower and upper jaw, dental elevator

Luxators ML series

Caution: Luxators have thin blades and are not intended for twisting movements. Used only for cutting the periodontal ligament. Excessive force will damage the luxator blades.

Description:

Luxators provide atraumatic extraction while maintaining the integrity of the cortical plate of the alveolar ridge and the shape of the tooth socket.

The concave inner surface follows the shape of the tooth, the sharp and thin cutting edges effectively trim the periodontal ligament.

The anatomical handle coated with aluminum oxide allows you to easily and quickly carry out the most complex removals, which is especially important for implantation purposes.
Peculiarities:

thin blade of anatomical shape;
atraumatic extraction;
reliable control of the tool and comfort of work thanks to the anatomical shape of the handle;
effective combination with removal tools.

The procedure for working with luxators:

The luxator blade is inserted axially between the tooth root and the bone tissue of the socket.
The immersion depth of the blade is about two-thirds of the length of the tooth root.
The periodontal ligament is cut through light translational and pendulum movements of the luxator blade in a circle along the tooth root. Avoid twisting movements.
Once the periodontal ligament has been completely cut with the luxator, carefully remove the tooth from the socket using an elevator or forceps.

ME series elevators

Attention: Before starting work with elevators, it is recommended to use luxators and periotomes in order to completely cut the periodontal ligament, which will ensure an atraumatic removal process. Excessive force will damage the elevator blades.

Description:

A thin, sharp blade made of high-quality steel ensures atraumatic extraction while maintaining the integrity of the cortical plate of the alveolar ridge.
The concave inner surface follows the shape of the tooth root; sharp and thin cutting edges trim the periodontal ligament.
The anatomical handle coated with aluminum oxide provides reliable control of the instrument in the hand, reduces the load and stress on the hand and allows you to easily and quickly carry out the most complex removals.

Peculiarities:

thin blade of anatomical shape;
atraumatic extraction;
reliable control of the tool and comfort of work thanks to the anatomical shape of the handle;
effective combination with removal tools.

Operating procedure for elevators:

The luxator blade is inserted axially between the tooth root and the bone tissue of the socket.
The immersion depth of the blade is about two-thirds of the length of the tooth root.
The periodontal ligament is cut through light translational and pendulum movements of the luxator blade in a circle along the tooth root. Avoid twisting movements.
Once the periodontal ligament has been completely cut with the luxator, carefully remove the tooth from the socket using an elevator or forceps.

Elevators of the RET, RTP, RTE series

Attention: Before starting work with elevators, it is recommended to use luxators and periotomes in order to completely cut the periodontal ligament, which will ensure an atraumatic removal process. Excessive force will damage the elevator blades.

Description:

A thin, sharp blade made of high-quality steel ensures atraumatic extraction while maintaining the integrity of the cortical plate of the alveolar ridge.

The concave inner surface follows the shape of the tooth root; sharp and thin cutting edges trim the periodontal ligament.

The anatomical handle provides reliable control of the instrument in the hand, reduces the load and stress on the hand and allows you to easily and quickly carry out the most complex removals.

Peculiarities:

thin blade of anatomical shape;
atraumatic extraction;
reliable control of the tool and comfort of work thanks to the anatomical shape of the handle;
effective combination with removal tools.

Operating procedure for elevators:

The luxator blade is inserted axially between the tooth root and the bone tissue of the socket.
The immersion depth of the blade is about two-thirds of the length of the tooth root.
The periodontal ligament is cut through light translational and pendulum movements of the luxator blade in a circle along the tooth root. Avoid twisting movements.
Once the periodontal ligament has been completely cut with the luxator, carefully remove the tooth from the socket using an elevator or forceps.

Types of forceps

The instrument is used to extract teeth using the lever principle. Its main parts are: handle, lock and cheeks. With the help of the last section, the coronal part of the element to be removed from the oral cavity is fixed. The doctor holds the instrument by the handle and rotates it in the required direction. The lock is part of the connection between the cheeks and the handle. To remove different types of units, separate types of forceps are used, differing in design features and sizes.

Forceps for extracting units on the lower jaw

The following types of forceps are used in the process of removing lower teeth:

Beak-shaped. Designed to remove units with intact coronal part. The cheeks in these instruments are located at an angle of 90 degrees to the handle. The cheeks can be either converging or non-converging.
To remove wisdom teeth. They have curved cheeks that can penetrate hard-to-reach areas of the row.

Beak-shaped forceps for removing teeth on the lower jaw.

Forceps for removing teeth on the upper jaw

There are several types of tools for extracting the upper elements:

Bayonet or universal. With their help, you can eliminate almost any affected unit of the upper jaw. Depending on the width of the cheeks, instruments are divided into narrow, medium and wide. The axes of the handles and cheeks of bayonet-shaped pliers are parallel to each other.
Direct. Designed to eliminate milk units or elements located in the front. The working part of the tools and their handle are located on the same line.
S-shaped. Necessary for extraction of chewing units of the upper jaw. The cheeks of the forceps do not touch each other. There are several types of the instrument in question: left-handed and right-handed. One part of the cheek has a rounded shape, the second ends with a spike.
To remove top eights. The cheeks and handle of the tool are located on the same axis. Both cheeks are rounded at the ends, and their inner part has indentations. This design ensures convenient penetration of the forceps into the oral cavity. During extraction of the upper eights, there is no damage to the lower wisdom teeth.

Elevators

Main structural elements: working part, handle, connecting rod. Depending on the width of the working part, all tools are divided into wide, medium and narrow. The devices also differ in the principle of operation - from themselves and from themselves.

There is a groove on one side of the working part of the elevators, and a convex part on the other. And also instruments are divided into straight and convex. The first type of device is used to remove single-root elements or to separate the roots of multi-root units from above and below. Angled structures are used to remove teeth whose roots have not been preserved.

The tooth is removed using an elevator using the lever principle. During the operation, the surgeon holds the alveolar process with the thumb and index finger of his left hand, and with his right hand he inserts the elevator into the periodontal space, which becomes larger under the influence of the instrument. During manipulation, the periodontal fibers of the affected element are torn.

The elevator is inserted with rotational movements to a depth of 4–6 mm. Thanks to the efforts made by the dentist, the tooth is squeezed out of the alveolus. Similar manipulations are carried out to remove semi-retracted (partially exposed to the surface of the gum) and retracted (located in the thickness of the gum) elements.

A chisel or bur is used to remove the upper or lower front incisors, after which the dentist uses instruments to extract the roots. The remains of the root system are removed using narrow tweezers (for the upper jaw) or an angular elevator (for elements of the lower row).

List of additional tools

In the process of work in surgery, not only modern equipment is used, but also hand instruments:

Inflammation after wisdom tooth removal

Bit. The design is used in rare cases, due to its large size and awkward shape. The instrument is used as an additional lever, which is placed between the alveolar part of the tooth and its roots. In some cases, a chisel can simplify the procedure of tooth extraction.
Hammer. It is used only for surgical indications, when, for example, it is necessary to hollow out the root part of the elements. The instrument is one of the most traumatic, so it is used only in rare cases.
Drill. Used only in the extraction process of multi-root units.
Luxator. The design has a thin shape, allowing the doctor to freely penetrate the periodontal area. In modern clinics, surgeons are increasingly replacing standard forceps with luxators, as they provide minimal risk of injury to the jaw bones.
James Elevator. Used for complex operations, for example, when removing wisdom teeth from the oral cavity. There are several types of tools: right- and left-handed, straight, curved.
Cryen's Elevator. It, like the previous surgical instrument, is designed to perform complex operations, but differs in shape. The Cryen elevator has a triangular shape with a sharp apex. Dentists call the instrument a “goat leg” differently. Using a sharp tip, the patient cleans the carious cavity from dead particles of dentin and enamel, as well as pathogenic bacteria.

The elevator is used by the dentist to remove tartar.

The specialist decides which tool to use in a particular case. He makes his choice depending on the complexity of the situation and the structure of the affected unit.

Possible complications

After such an operation, as after any surgical intervention, complications are possible. In each individual case, the likelihood of development is different. This depends on many factors: the state of the immune system, oral cavity, hygiene, specialist skills, compliance with the rules of the appointment, and so on.

Complications are divided into two categories: the first is those that arise during the procedure, the second is after. The operation may include:

Fracture of the crown or root of a tooth. Then the operation is significantly delayed, since sometimes it is difficult to get a fragment hidden far in the hole.
Fracture of the crown or dislocation of adjacent teeth. Consequence of careless manipulation.
Creating a communication with the maxillary sinus. In many people, the roots of the teeth of the upper jaw are located on the border or inside the maxillary sinus. When they are deleted, a message is created that needs to be immediately eliminated.

CAREFULLY! Under no circumstances should such a hole be dried with a saliva ejector. The upper wall of the sinus borders the orbit, and therefore negative pressure cannot be created inside.

Fracture or dislocation of the lower jaw. Most often when removing lower molars. Prevention - careful calculation of force pressure on the lever.
Incomplete tooth extraction. After the surgeon removes it from the hole, it is necessary to carefully examine the integrity of the roots. Fracture of a small part is a very common case. And you can’t leave such fragments in the wound, they need to be taken out.

Complications that arise during the operation are quickly detected and, as a rule, eliminated just as quickly. The same cannot be said about those that arise after the retraction procedure. This:

Bleeding. Caused by low platelet activity and the blood coagulation system as a whole.
"Dry socket syndrome." A common occurrence in which a clot does not form in the wound. In this case, you should immediately contact your doctor.
Alveolitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis are inflammatory processes associated with the bone structures of the jaw.
Abscess and other inflammatory diseases.

Features of using various tools for tooth extraction

If it is not possible to save the affected unit, then the patient is prescribed surgery to remove it. All dental instruments must be processed and sterilized to prevent the development of complications after extraction.

Forceps

The doctor chooses the type of instrument that best suits the anatomical features of the tooth being removed. He moves the soft gum tissue so that the axis of the tooth coincides with the axis of the forceps. After this, the instrument is advanced to the neck of the element to ensure its better fixation. The doctor places the forceps in such a position that the axes of the crown of the element and the instrument coincide.

The doctor’s further actions depend on how many roots the tooth being removed has. Single-root units are extracted by rotational movements, multi-rooted ones by pendulum movements. Thanks to this, the nerve fibers of the tooth are destroyed and it is quickly removed from the thickness of the gum. After the destruction of periodontal tissues, the surgeon eliminates the problematic unit using rotational actions. Then the doctor sterilizes the hole and gives instructions to the patient regarding behavior during the rehabilitation period.

Elevator

To remove teeth, the elevator is used as a lever. Depending on the type of element, the surgeon can use a straight, angled or bayonet-shaped instrument. The first is necessary for extracting units located on the upper jaw, the second - for working with the lower teeth. The bayonet elevator is used to extract wisdom teeth or in situations where the patient is unable to open his mouth wide.

Doctors prefer to destroy the crown part of the teeth using a drill or chisel. The elevator is used to remove the root part of the affected tooth and to remove dental plaque.

Luxators

The use of the tool is indicated in difficult cases. The list of such situations includes:

Abnormal position of the tooth roots relative to the jaw bones.
Strong periodontal ligament of the tooth.
Impossibility of tooth extraction due to insufficient filling of the socket with blood and air.
Tooth extraction in children.

Luxators are designed to prevent severe damage to the soft tissues of the tooth. For each element and its root, a tool of the appropriate size is selected. The working part of the luxator is inserted as much as possible under the gum, as a result of which the vacuum that interferes with the removal of the unit is eliminated.

To remove different types of teeth, doctors use certain tools that best provide access to the roots of the element being removed. During the procedure, it is important for the surgeon not only to choose the right instruments, but also to follow all antiseptic rules in order to eliminate the risk of complications in the future.

Operating principle of luxators

The removal process is an event that can cause stress for both the client and the attending physician. Sometimes the operation is quite problematic, this happens for the following reasons:

manipulations may be complicated due to the location of the roots relative to the bone;
Regardless of the condition of the damaged tooth, the periodontal ligament holds it firmly;
Until the hole is filled with air or blood, atmospheric pressure will exert an influence that will create significant difficulties during extraction.

To eliminate these complications and achieve atraumatic removal, dentists use luxators. The tool allows you to carry out manipulations quite easily and as safely as possible. For a specific root, a luxator of the required size is selected, the working part of which is inserted under the gum at a set angle.

Ease of penetration is achieved thanks to the awl-shaped design of the tool. As a result of the impact, the doctor expands the tooth socket and separates the tissue, removing the vacuum that interferes with removal. If you need to extract a unit with one root, then no other tools are used during the manipulation process.

During the operation, the dentist gently rocks the luxator, which ensures precise insertion and also eliminates the possibility of it slipping. This device makes the dentist’s work easier; as a result, a small wound is formed, which guarantees faster healing.