Treatment of mild, moderate and severe pain in palliative patients

Every person has experienced pain at least once in their life. Everyone knows how inopportune she always is, how she unsettles her and ruins her plans. Everyone is always looking for a way to end this nightmare as quickly as possible. And each person has his own proven remedy. In fact, some painkillers are not entirely harmless. Therefore, you should not grab the first available remedy for pain. It's better to listen to specialists.

Top 10 most effective painkillers.

November 17, 2021
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Content

• How to choose pain pills
• The best painkillers
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain
• Aspirin Express
• Nurofen Forte
• Dexonal
• Ibuprofen
• Painkillers antispasmodics
• No-Shpa
• Drotaverine
• Spasmonet
• Combination pain relievers
• Pentalgin
• Solpadeine Fast
• Safiston

Analgesics (painkillers) help relieve any pain in the body. You can buy mild painkillers at any pharmacy without a prescription, but strong (narcotic) drugs are sold only by prescription and are prescribed by a doctor, who determines the required dosage.

We have compiled a list of the most effective over-the-counter pain pills based on doctor recommendations and patient reviews. Our rating includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antispasmodics and drugs with combined effects. Analgesics help reduce headaches, dental, muscle, joint and other types of pain. If you decide to buy a painkiller, be sure to pay attention to the popularity of the company that produces the drug, because only well-known pharmaceutical manufacturers carefully monitor the quality and safety of their products.

Types of pain

There are different types of pain.

Experts divide all pain into two categories:

• acute, appears suddenly, usually due to injury, does not last long;
• chronic, lasts a long time, occurs as a result of chronic inflammation.

When taking medications for pain, you should consider the type of pain. In some cases, it is prohibited to use painkillers. For example, with acute abdominal pain. This way the disease can be veiled, as a result doctors will not be able to accurately diagnose the disease.

How to choose pain pills

If you decide to buy a painkiller, be sure to read our recommendations.

1. The first thing you need to pay attention to when you buy pain pills is the age limit.
   This is especially important if you are buying the drug for a child. If you do not follow this rule, there may be health problems due to inappropriate concentration of the active substance.
2. To relieve, for example, a headache or toothache, choose narrowly targeted drugs.
   If pain occurs in different parts of the body, it is better to buy
   complex action products.
3. determine how safe a painkiller is
   for your health by studying the list of its contraindications and side effects. The smaller it is, the better, of course.
4. It is desirable that pain tablets contain an average concentration of the active substance.
   If there is little active ingredient, you will have to take the drug more often. If, on the contrary, there is a lot, you need to carefully monitor so as not to overdo it with the dosage.
5. You don’t need to be guided only by the speed of action of painkillers.
   Typically, drugs that quickly relieve pain do not work for long and have a long list of contraindications.
6. It is also important that pain pills do not contain many active ingredients
   - then there will be a minimum of negative reactions. Several components are allowed only in broad-spectrum preparations.
7. Try to choose a product from a well-known pharmaceutical manufacturer
   - this way you will minimize the risks of health problems.
8. Analgesics are needed only in extreme cases; do not take them at the slightest pain.
   Before buying a painkiller, study information about it on the Internet, and most importantly,
   consult your doctor.

Types of painkillers

Remedies for pain are divided into several types:

1. Narcotic drugs. They depress the nerve centers that respond to pain. As a rule, such drugs cause relaxation, euphoria, and drowsiness. Such products are issued only with a medical prescription.
2. Non-narcotic drugs. They do not affect the nervous system, do not cause drowsiness or euphoria. Therefore, such drugs are sold without a prescription. They usually also have anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties.

Non-narcotic painkillers are divided into groups:

• NSAIDs (non-steroidal drugs) have an anti-inflammatory effect, lower temperature, relieve pain;
• Antispasmodics for spasms;
• mixed preparations eliminate spasms and pain.

Narcotic drugs are not commercially available and therefore are not used for self-medication. The most common drugs are NSAIDs. They quickly relieve pain and inflammation, but have many contraindications and side effects. They are especially dangerous in case of ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract or if they are suspected. Because they can cause gastric bleeding and aggravate ulcers of the stomach and intestinal mucosa. This can sometimes be fatal.

The best painkillers

Our list contains only the most proven and effective painkillers from well-known manufacturers. This means that the drugs presented have a minimum of side effects and contraindications and are as safe as possible for health. These pain pills are often prescribed by doctors, and patients say they are effective.

Painkillers must be prescribed by a doctor

Photos from open sources

Aspirin Express

These effervescent pain relief tablets contain 500 mg of acetylsalicylic acid. After taking this pill, the headache will go away within 15 minutes. "Aspirin Express" relieves pain, relieves inflammation and works as an antipyretic. The drug is prescribed to patients over 25 years of age, and it is important that the person does not have diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys or liver. Aspirin Express is prohibited for pregnant and lactating women. For migraines, you need to dissolve two effervescent tablets in a glass of water. 1 tablet – 1 g (you can take no more than 3 g of the drug per day). If you exceed the permissible dosage of these pain pills, side effects such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and the development of an allergic reaction are possible. You should not take Aspirin Express for more than three days (without consulting your doctor). The drug has a complex effect, a quick effect, a convenient release form, and no side effects. You can read the contraindications in the instructions.

Aspirin Express

Bayer AG, Germany

Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet agent, NSAID for the symptomatic relief of headache, toothache, sore throat, menstrual pain, muscle and joint pain, back pain;
- increased body temperature during colds and other infectious and inflammatory diseases (in adults and children over 15 years of age). from 156

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The world of analgesics

When we ask a pharmacist or pharmacist to recommend something for pain relief, instead of a simple answer, we often hear many difficult questions. What hurts? How long? Who? Was there an ulcer? “Can’t you say it clearly and clearly?” — an involuntary thought creeps in. Unfortunately, deciding on analgesics is not so easy.

Medicines for pain - what are they?

Even pharmacologists are confused by the huge number of analgesics, and therefore different reference books provide different types of classification of painkillers. However, all sources agree on one thing: analgesics are a huge group of drugs that relieve pain without causing anesthesia.

Painkillers include:

• opioid analgesics;
• paracetamol;
• specific analgesics;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs);
• antimigraine drugs.

Five broad subgroups - indeed, there is something to think about. To devote even a few words to basic painkillers will require a lot of time and lines. To help pharmacists and, of course, consumers, we are starting a series of articles devoted to painkillers, and in the first we will talk about opioids, paracetamol and lesser-known specific analgesics.

Opium for the people

Let's start with the "heavyweights", which, fortunately, are required only in the most difficult cases - narcotic analgesics. Morphine, like most other opioids (codeine, fentanyl, etc.), works by stimulating opioid receptors, which leads not only to significant pain relief, but also to a number of side effects.

Euphoria, peace of mind and other “rosy” consequences, together with rapid addiction, are the reason that these drugs are now kept under seal. By the way, during my quite long pharmaceutical career, I have never held a “real” narcotic analgesic in my hands. Of course, unless you consider the famous tramadol as such.

Tramadol, under the brand name Tramal, began to conquer the world in the 90s, although it was released in its homeland, Germany, back in 1977. According to the mechanism of action, it is somewhat different from morphine and others like it. Tramadol activates opiate receptors, and at the same time helps to increase the level of certain mediators, in particular serotonin, norepinephrine, etc.

Unlike opioids, tramadol is of synthetic origin: it is a mixture of two stereoisomers that have different analgesic activities and complement each other. The vast majority of pharmacological reference books do not classify tramadol as a narcotic analgesic, giving it an honorable place in the subgroup of opioid non-narcotic painkillers.

Nurofen Forte

This pain reliever is the best in its category. Nurofen Forte tablets help with muscle, headache, toothache and joint pain. The drug has very few contraindications due to the content of a small amount of active ingredients. Nurofen Forte is easy to use and has virtually no side effects. Tablets are prescribed from the age of 12; you can take the drug three times a day, one tablet (at equal intervals of 6 hours). You can be treated with Nurofen Forte for no longer than two to three days, then you need to take a week break. Tablets have a wide spectrum of action.

Nurofen Forte

Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare International Ltd, UK

NSAIDs to eliminate: Headache;
migraine; toothache; algodismenorrhea; neuralgia; backache; myalgia; rheumatic pains; fever with influenza and ARVI. from 9

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Three-step algorithm for treating abdominal pain

Why painkillers don't help

Let's start with the simplest question: what should you do if discomfort appears in the abdominal area?
Of course, take a pill! For many of us, the answer is... "obvious." A person who cares “too much” about health, much less knows “more than necessary” about it, looks strange. From the point of view of many around him, he simply has nothing to do! The results are obvious: 45% of Russians, feeling pain in the stomach, grab analgesics... And only 28% take antispasmodics. Moreover, over the past six months, every sixth person felt pain in the abdominal area. Women are more often affected. Why is an analgesic dangerous for abdominal pain?
Because it will not eliminate the true cause of the unpleasant sensations, but will disguise it. Indeed, in 60% of cases the culprit of the pain syndrome is spasm.

What is a spasm?

This is an excessive contraction of smooth muscle cells in various organs. In our case we will talk about the digestive system. Inflammatory process - for example, gastritis, enteritis, colitis or ulcers, poisoning and other exposure to pathogenic microbes, a foreign body in the cavity of the digestive organ (a part from a toy in the stomach or a stone in the gall bladder), an imbalance of the substances we need - vitamins and microelements... Because of this, our organs, which are one way or another responsible for digesting food, feel uncomfortable and painfully contract. Analgesics do not act on the cause of the pain, and they will only affect the transmission of nerve impulses, and will not remove the spasm. Plus, as was said earlier, they will mask the pain - and the doctor will not understand anything. Or he will understand, but it’s too late. After all, the remaining 40% of abdominal pain - 4 cases out of 10 - are conditions in which you need to call an ambulance!

Acute pancreatitis, appendicitis, perforation of an ulcer, rupture of an aneurysm of blood vessels in the abdominal cavity, severe inflammatory diseases in women. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, which occurs not only when the appendix ruptures, but also when “treating” gynecological diseases through patience. A stone that has passed out of the gallbladder and blocked the bile duct. If you take an analgesic, it will be difficult for the doctor to understand where the cause of the illness is. And precious time when emergency surgery should have begun will be lost. The antispasmodic will not affect the sensations caused by acute cholecystitis, perforation of an ulcer or rupture of the appendix. The pain will not decrease.

What happens if you “treat” ordinary chronic gastritis with an analgesic?

Painkillers of this type are harmful to the gastric mucosa (and other digestive organs). If you take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for just a week, then one in five will have a stomach ulcer. And one in seventy will experience gastrointestinal bleeding. What if such patients also take analgesics to relieve pain? “Harmless and safe” drugs for pain relief have their side effects. Therefore, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other analgesics should be taken under the supervision of a doctor! Turning them into daily medicine is dangerous. By the way, how long can you “treat yourself” with painkillers?

What to do if your stomach hurts?

In 2002, Vladimir Trofimovich Ivashkin, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, chief gastroenterologist of Russia, director of the Clinic of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology, Hepatology of the First Moscow State Medical University named after. THEM. Sechenov, developed a stepwise algorithm of actions for abdominal pain:

• Stage one – mild pain What to do: if necessary, take an antispasmodic. But: – if the pain occurred once, after unusual or poor-quality food, eating disorders or overeating, this is one situation. And if pain occurs with sufficient frequency, i.e. the stomach hurts sometimes or periodically, or in the morning, or after nervous stress, or even from hunger - the situation is completely different. Go to the doctor for an appointment as soon as possible!

• Stage two – the pain is quite severe and/or long-lasting. What to do: be sure to take an antispasmodic. After this, even if your stomach hurts less or the abdominal pain stops altogether, consult a doctor immediately!

• Stage three – very severe pain! Or pain that gets worse. If your stomach hurts unbearably, the cause could be those same 40% - appendicitis, rupture of the gallbladder, perforation of an ulcer, thrombosis of intestinal vessels. What to do: call an ambulance!

Five principles that are important for everyone to know

Abdominal pain is a special pain. Its nature is simply not taken into account by universal drugs for pain relief. And our compatriots, having encountered at least once a modern “optimized” clinic (according to Ministry of Health standards, there is one gastroenterologist per 70 thousand people), try to solve the problem by taking a pill. They will not be told why this is dangerous. After all, there are not enough doctors even for treatment, let alone for prevention and health schools. Therefore, the French manufacturer SANOFI organized a training program - “Pain that is dangerous to anesthetize” with the involvement of gastroenterologists in the educational project. Clinical pharmacologist, candidate of medical sciences, Alexander Maslyakov has developed another instruction for the patient - five principles of action for abdominal pain.

• Principle 1. One of the causes of abdominal pain is spasm, a contraction of the smooth muscles of the digestive organs under the influence of unfavorable factors. For this reason, medications that relieve pain are only first aid. Be sure to find out why your stomach hurts, i.e. what is the condition of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen.

• Principle 2. The first choice drug for abdominal pain is an antispasmodic. If you have a spasm of the smooth muscles of the stomach or intestines, you will feel less pain after taking the medicine. And in acute conditions that require urgent surgery, antispasmodics will not mask the pain, and the doctor will have time to understand what happened and how to act.

• Principle 3. For abdominal pain, analgesics are dangerous! They must not be used under any circumstances! A drug of this type will not eliminate the cause of pain - it will simply block the transmission of signals about problems in the body. The brain does not know about problems. Doctors won’t even know about them - after all, the pain sensations are masked, and it’s difficult to make a correct diagnosis.

• Principle 4. If an antispasmodic does not relieve pain within 2–3 hours, consult a doctor!

• Principle 5. If the abdominal pain is severe, if it increases or even simply does not decrease, if you have a high temperature, if your blood pressure is low, if you have nausea and/or vomiting, if you have a headache, call an ambulance immediately!

Be careful! Take care of yourself!

Link to publication: life24.ru

Dexonal

Although these pain relief pills are relatively expensive, they make up for this with their effectiveness and safety. This is a drug with a narrow spectrum of action; Dexonal is usually prescribed for pain in the bones and muscles. The tablets have quite a few contraindications, since they contain many components. In addition, the painkiller has strict age restrictions. The drug is prohibited for patients under 18 years of age. Side effects are rare if the required dosage is followed exactly. If the rules for taking Dexonal are not followed, side effects such as disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system are possible. Painkiller tablets are easy to use, have convenient packaging, are most effective, but are expensive.

Dexonal

Obolenskoye (OBL Pharm), Russia

The drug Dexonal is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. The analgesic effect occurs 30 minutes after taking the drug Dexonal orally, the duration of the therapeutic effect reaches 4–6 hours from 220

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The danger of overdosing on painkillers

In some cases, when indicated, doctors prescribe opioid treatment to patients.
These are very dangerous drugs that cause drug addiction quite quickly. All you have to do is not follow the doctor’s prescription, increase the period of use and dosage specified in the instructions or allowed by the doctor, and the dependence on the pills is in your pocket.

Opioids have great analgesic activity, so their abuse can easily lead to severe poisoning and even death.

• You can't convince me to get treatment
  ?
• We will help you with motivation for treatment. As a rule, it is difficult for loved ones to persuade or force an addict to undergo treatment. World experts have developed EFFECTIVE motivation schemes, using which you can lead an addict to the decision to seek help. 8

Ibuprofen

The active ingredient in these pain pills is ibuprofen, and its low concentration in the drug is excellent for treating pain in those who cannot afford an expensive drug. But the cheapness of Ibuprofen does not mean that it is ineffective. On the contrary, the tablets relieve pain well and begin to act as quickly as possible. Other advantages include minimal likelihood of overdose and ease of use. Ibuprofen is prohibited for children under 6 years of age. It is advisable to take the medicine after consulting a doctor in order to take into account all possible contraindications.

Ibuprofen

OJSC Pharmstandard-Leksredstva, Russia; Slavyanskaya Pharmacy, Russia; Rafarma, Russia; CJSC VERTEX, Russia; PJSC "Biokhimik", Russia; EKOlab, Russia; "Moskhimfarmpreparaty" named after. N. A. Semashko, Russia; Belmedpreparaty, Belarus; PJSC "Biosintez", Russia; Borisov medical plant drugs, Belarus; Sintez OJSC, Russia; JSC "Tatkhimfarmpreparaty", Russia; Novopharm-Biosintez LLC, Ukraine

Symptomatic treatment: - tension headaches and migraines;
- joint, muscle pain, - pain in the back, lower back, radiculitis; - pain when ligaments are damaged; - toothache; - painful menstruation; — febrile conditions during colds, flu; - rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis. NSAIDs are intended for symptomatic therapy, reducing pain and inflammation at the time of use, but do not affect the progression of the disease. from 16

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Emergency help

The consequences of an overdose of painkillers and drug poisoning are quite serious; without timely emergency medical care, a person can die. If you know that a loved one has taken too many medications, is using pharmaceutical drugs, and you see that he is turning pale and looks sick, you should immediately call a narcologist from the Center for Healthy Youth to your home. Delay in this case can cost your life. Of course, specialists at home will do everything possible to help the victim, but it is necessary to hospitalize him in a hospital for examination, intensive care and resuscitation.

Overdose of painkillers - what to do?

1. Call our drug treatment center.
2. Make sure the victim is conscious.
3. Find out which particular drug caused the intoxication of the body.
4. Try to determine the approximate dose.
5. Lay the victim on his side and ensure that he does not choke on vomit.
6. Provide fresh air, ventilate the room, remove clothing that may block breathing.
7. Monitor your blood pressure, pulse and breathing.
8. In case of mild or moderate poisoning, it is necessary to rinse the stomach, give the person activated charcoal or an enterosorbent known to you.
9. If a person is not breathing or has no pulse, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is necessary.

If a person’s condition is serious, doctors at the drug treatment clinic begin to provide assistance on the way to the hospital. Naloxone is most often used for poisoning with narcotic analgesics. It is an opioid receptor antagonist, an antidote, which is widely used in modern narcology. It is used when coding alcoholism and drug addiction to reduce cravings for chemicals.

If the victim has trouble breathing, he may need a ventilator. Doctors prescribe treatment based on tests, examinations, examinations and diagnostics. It is important to understand that therapy is always individual and depends on existing indications and contraindications.

No-Shpa

Typically, “No-Shpu” is prescribed for spasms of smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, spasms of the biliary and urinary tracts, headaches, and painful menstruation. This drug for pain is one of the most popular because it is inexpensive, most effective and quickly begins to act. In addition, No-Shpa has few contraindications and the risk of overdose. "No-Shpa" contains six components that are safe for health, which very rarely cause side effects. Painkillers are prescribed for adults and children over 6 years of age.

No-shpa

Chinoin, Hungary

Antispasmodic drug used for: Spasms of smooth muscles in diseases of the biliary tract: cholecystolithiasis, cholangiolithiasis, cholecystitis, pericholecystitis, cholangitis, papillitis;
- spasms of smooth muscles of the urinary tract: nephrolithiasis, urethrolithiasis, pyelitis, cystitis, bladder spasms. As an auxiliary therapy: - for spasms of smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract: peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, gastritis, spasms of the cardia and pylorus, enteritis, colitis, spastic colitis with constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with flatulence; - for tension headaches; - for dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain). from 193

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Treat without maiming. Neurologist on how to properly deal with headaches

Instead of drinking handfuls of painkillers and convincing yourself that the pain will go away, think about why exactly you have a headache and whether you are already dependent on pills.

There is hardly a person in your circle who has not had a headache at least once in their life. How to distinguish dangerous pain from non-dangerous? When is it not necessary to take medication? Who is at risk of getting hooked on pills?

Five important questions about AiF headaches were answered by the head of the Pain Clinic of City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after. N.I. Pirogova, neurologist Ekaterina Abramova.

Is it possible to endure a headache and do without pills?

If a headache interferes with your work responsibilities or household chores, then you don’t need to endure it, you should take a painkiller. However, there are situations when even with a seemingly ordinary headache, it is necessary to consult a doctor, and not try to relieve it with analgesics yourself.

There are four criteria for a dangerous headache, accepted by leading experts around the world. Everyone needs to know them.

1. Did your headache first appear after you were 50 years old? This is most often a sign of a serious illness.

2. Did your head hurt suddenly and very badly? Such pain may be a symptom of intracerebral hemorrhage.

3. Does the headache gradually increase, become stronger, and last for several days or even weeks? This is how the first attack of migraine, the development of a tumor or an infectious process in the brain (meningitis, encephalitis, etc.) may manifest itself. The infection may be accompanied by symptoms of general malaise, in particular high fever and weakness. But sometimes there is only one symptom: headache.

4. Is the headache accompanied by nausea or impaired consciousness (fainting, confusion, the person seems to be inhibited, loses orientation, etc.) or is it significantly worsened by coughing and sneezing? This condition indicates that there is increased intracranial pressure. The cause may be a tumor or problems with the cerebrospinal fluid that washes the brain (impaired circulation, increased or decreased production, etc.).

Any of the listed symptoms indicates that you need to consult a specialist.

What to do if your head hurts often?

Of course, in the case of chronic pain, when the headache is frequent and severe, because of which a person is forced to constantly increase the dose of painkillers, it is also necessary to go to the doctor. Otherwise, there is a high risk of acquiring a drug-dependent headache. Such a headache will not go away on its own; it will require an increasingly larger dose of pills. And they, in turn, can provoke complications from the cardiovascular system, for example, a tendency to thrombosis, or cause an exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease, in severe cases even gastrointestinal bleeding.

Here again there is a clear criterion. If you take more than 15 tablets a month specifically for headaches (this can be calculated from the purchased packages), it means that you have developed a dependence on medications. You should definitely contact a neurologist or cephalgologist: this is also a neurologist who has undergone special training in the treatment of headaches. Young working women with a family often come to our clinic with a similar problem: they cannot afford to endure a headache, but do not have time to take care of their health, start taking painkillers, and even go so far as to take several tablets a day. However, the headache continues to hurt, sleep is disturbed, and overall health worsens. In this case, a detoxification course is carried out for a week, sometimes with the installation of intravenous drips, and special medications are prescribed to relieve headaches. As a result, the dosage of painkillers is gradually reduced, and over time the headache itself stops.

How to choose painkillers?

Everything here is individual. For some people, regular paracetamol or ibuprofen helps with headaches. For others they are useless. There are more modern drugs that do not have such a negative effect on the wall of the gastrointestinal tract and generally cause fewer side effects.

The most reasonable approach is to choose a painkiller together with your doctor, especially if you have, for example, chronic gastritis, if the patient is over 40 years old.

Is it possible to get rid of headaches without medications using home remedies?

Yes, but not always. For example, against migraine (unilateral pain, often in the eye area or behind the eye, pulsating, gradually increases and lasts from 4 to 72 hours), there are no “folk” remedies. An adequate course of drug treatment is necessary.

If the headache is caused by increased blood pressure, then you need to take a blood pressure lowering drug (not a painkiller). If you have a headache, you should first measure your blood pressure before taking pills for pain.

But headaches associated with overexertion can be relieved with non-drug methods. Often the head starts to hurt due to improper posture. For example, a person works at a computer for a long time, sits in the wrong position: his shoulders are raised, his head is moved slightly forward. As a result, the neck muscles become overstrained and produce a characteristic nagging headache, not very strong, but debilitating. In this case, simple exercises to stretch the neck muscles and massage help a lot. You can even just get up from your desk, move around, and the pain will go away.

Often a headache occurs towards the end of the work week. Especially if you have a busy schedule and the person did not get enough sleep, did not eat very well, etc. In this case, you need to first of all get enough sleep (healthy sleep is extremely important for a person with a headache). You can take a hot bath, if there is no high blood pressure, drink green tea, and take a walk in the fresh air. In general, if it is possible not to take pills, it is better not to do so.

What to do if you have a headache after being in the sun for a long time?

When exposed to the sun for a long time, the headache most often occurs due to fluid loss. In the sun, a person sweats much more than usual, especially if he moves or swims in the pool. At the same time, the amount of water you drink often remains the same as on days when there is much less sun. As a result, a headache occurs. In this case, preventive measures are most effective. During a long walk on a sunny day, drink enough water, use hats, umbrellas, and be sure to wear sunglasses. Eye strain, such as squinting into the sun, can also make headaches worse.

If a headache has already appeared after prolonged exposure to the sun, then be sure to drink water, preferably mineral water, to replenish the loss of electrolytes. You can take a cool shower, wash your hair, that is, cool your body. When you can’t take a shower, you can wet a towel with cool water, put it on your head and lie there for a while. If the headache does not go away from such general activities, you can take a painkiller tablet: paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, or any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is in the medicine cabinet. However, if the headache after returning from a sunny beach is very strong, coordination is impaired, and dizziness appears, this indicates severe loss of fluid, an increase or a sharp decrease in blood pressure. In this situation, it is imperative to move the person to the shade, carry out all cooling measures, and give him a painkiller tablet to drink. If symptoms persist, you should definitely consult a doctor so as not to miss a more serious disease.

Source of information: “Arguments and Facts”

Drotaverine

Perhaps one of the most inexpensive and effective antispasmodics prescribed for pain in the gastrointestinal tract and spasms of the smooth muscles of internal organs. "Drotaverine" has very few contraindications: childhood, intolerance to the drug components, severe liver and kidney failure. Drotaverine contains a low concentration of the active substance, so the risk of side effects is practically eliminated. Due to its low cost, this painkiller is available to everyone. Among the disadvantages is that sometimes Drotaverine is difficult to find in pharmacies.

Drotaverine

Planet Organics; Borisov medical plant drugs, Belarus; NPC Pharmzashchita, Russia; PJSC "Biosintez", Russia; Ozon LLC, Russia; FSUE "Armavir Biofactory", Russia; PJSC "Biokhimik", Russia; Deco, Russia; JSC Dalkhimfarm, Russia; Novosibkhimpharm OJSC, Russia; Vifitech/Vilar, Russia; Update, Russia; Sintez OJSC, Russia; JSC PharmProject, Russia; PJSC Valenta Pharm, Russia; "Moskhimfarmpreparaty" named after. N. A. Semashko, Russia; JLLC "Lekpharm", Belarus; Medisorb, Russia; Obolensk pharmaceutical enterprise, Russia; Solopharm, Grotex LLC, Russia; Ellara MC, Russia

Spasm of smooth muscles of the urinary and biliary organs (renal colic, pyelitis, tenesmus, biliary colic, intestinal colic, dyskinesia of the biliary tract and gallbladder of the hyperkinetic type, cholecystitis, postcholecystectomy syndrome).
Spasm of smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract (usually as part of combination therapy): pylorospasm, gastroduodenitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, spastic constipation, spastic colitis, proctitis. Tensor headache. Dysmenorrhea, threatened miscarriage, threatened premature birth, postpartum contractions. When conducting some instrumental studies, cholecystography. from 12

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Overdose symptoms

Symptoms of an overdose of painkillers and NSAIDs depend on the individual characteristics of the human body, the drug taken and its dosage. In some cases, a person may become ill even after taking a therapeutic dose. Therefore, in order to prevent poisoning from local anesthetics and narcotic analgesics, it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions, which necessarily indicate the maximum daily dosages.

Acute poisoning with narcotic analgesics

Painkillers have different effects on the body, so the dose that can lead to intoxication is different.

Signs of poisoning:

• dizzy;
• be sick;
• vomiting occurs;
• It's difficult to breathe;
• weakness, drowsiness;
• increased sweating;
• loss of consciousness;
• pallor, cyanosis;
• the temperature drops;
• constipation, upset stomach;
• weakening of the pulse;
• swelling;
• pressure drop;
• convulsions, tremors.

Among the first signs: lethargy, drowsiness, lethargy, breathing problems. The condition is deteriorating quite quickly. Common complications that arise from an overdose of anesthetic: cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrest, renal failure. A severe overdose of local anesthetics manifests itself in paralysis of the respiratory center. If you do not call an ambulance in time, the risk of death is close to 75%.

Free phone number for a narcologist in Moscow and throughout Russia: 8 (800) 333-20-07. .

It is important to understand that a person who is poisoned by pills can fall into a coma. Even after emerging from this state, irreversible health consequences are possible: mental disorders, dysfunction of certain internal organs.

For recreational purposes, addicts often overdose on painkillers such as Tempalgin or Nurofen to achieve euphoria. Often, to enhance the effect, pharmaceutical drugs are mixed with alcohol and barbiturates, which significantly increases the intoxication of the body and increases the risk of death.

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Non-narcotic analgesics

Non-opioid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pharmacology include drugs that do not have narcotic potential and are not used by drug addicts. These medications are used as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, painkillers, etc. Regarding doses, for example, if the daily dose, according to the instructions, is 4 grams, then death can occur even after consuming 15-20 g.

Symptoms of Paracetamol overdose:

• liver dysfunction (the medicine is a dangerous toxin for the liver, causes bleeding disorders, hepatitis);
• disruption of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach pain, nausea, vomiting);
• damage to the central nervous system (drowsiness, weakness, lethargy);
• metabolic disorder;
• low pressure;
• renal failure (nephritis and other kidney diseases);
• disruption of the cardiovascular system due to general intoxication;
• encephalopathy.

Acute poisoning can last for 10-12 hours. You can also be poisoned by the drug if you use it for a long time in an increased dosage, as it accumulates in the tissues of the internal organs. Paracetamol is part of many modern drugs sold in pharmacies, including Spazmolex and Pentalgin. These are dangerous pharmaceutical drugs that addicts use to get a “high.” Often such substances are used for the purpose of suicide attempts.

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Full range of narcology services:

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• drug testing
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Salicylic acid and salicylates

It is quite easy to get poisoned by this common drug among people; it is enough to consume 10-40 g. The dosage of tablets is individual and depends on the condition of the patient’s body. Death is possible in 2% of cases.

Signs of salicylate poisoning:

• your head is spinning, your ears are ringing, your consciousness is confused;
• headache;
• hallucinations, hearing loss;
• chills, cramps;
• euphoric sensations;
• pain in the abdomen, under the ribs, heartburn;
• nausea, vomiting, upset stomach;
• violation of movement coordination;
• excited state;
• deterioration of cognitive functions;
• disruption of the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, internal organs;
• arrhythmia and tachycardia;
• increased fatigue;
• breathing problems, shortness of breath.

When using salicylic acid, for example, Aspirin in large quantities, internal bleeding may occur.

Spasmonet

This anesthetic drug relieves spasms of the smooth muscles of internal organs and reduces pain during spasms of peripheral arteries. "Spasmonet" has a balanced composition: one main active ingredient and several minor ones. Thanks to the right combination of active ingredients, these pain relief pills are very effective and start working quickly. When taking Spazmonet, any side effects very rarely occur, but if you do not adhere to the recommended dosage, dizziness, nausea, allergies, and decreased blood pressure may occur.

Spasmonet

KRKA-RUS, Russia; KRKA (KRKA), Slovenia

Spasmonet is a drug from the group of antispasmodics that are used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as in gynecology.
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Painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs

Pain is an integral part of our life. It is a kind of protective reaction that occurs in response to irritation of pain receptors, which are located in various organs and tissues. The appearance of pain indicates problems, serious diseases and pathological processes occurring latently in the body. It indicates what poses a threat to human health, helping to identify and eliminate the problem. Pain is an alarming signal that should never be ignored.

However, pain has not only positive, but also negative qualities. Whatever painful sensations a person experiences: nagging, sharp, pulsating or dull, they unsettle him, disrupting his usual way of life. Each of us, having barely felt the pain, strives to eliminate it as quickly as possible. But how to do that? How to remove pain of varying nature and intensity? Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to cope with these unpleasant sensations on your own and, perhaps, only masters of self-control and yoga can do it. Other people have to resort to painkillers. Painkillers or analgesics are medications that relieve pain. Depending on the main active ingredient present in their composition and the form of release, they can affect the peripheral nervous system, brain, or have a local analgesic effect.

Very important! Painkillers do not cure! You've probably already heard that painkillers only eliminate pain without affecting the cause of the pain. In other words, with the help of analgesics you can only temporarily get rid of unpleasant sensations. A disease or other pathological process in the absence of proper drug treatment will continue to progress, exacerbating attacks of pain. Therefore, it is very important to immediately consult a doctor if you have persistent and severe pain of any origin!

Today, medicine offers a wide range of painkillers, presented in the form of ointment, powder, gel, drops, tablets and injection solution. You should choose an anesthetic based on the location of the pain and the cause that caused it. Let's look at an example. You hurt your arm and are now suffering from severe and excruciating pain. In order to eliminate pain in this situation, you need to use analgesics presented in the form of an ointment or gel (Finalgon, Lyoton, Nise-gel, etc.), since the cause of pain is local damage to the tissues and skin. If the pain does not disappear within 2–3 days, be sure to consult a doctor.

Based on their chemical nature and pharmacological properties, painkillers are divided into two main groups: non-narcotic and narcotic drugs.

Non-narcotic painkillers . They are analgesic drugs that do not have a significant effect on the central nervous system. This group of analgesics does not have a hypnotic or sedative effect and is not addictive. They are also called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs because, in addition to their main action, they also help eliminate inflammatory processes. The most prominent representatives of this group of analgesic drugs include Analgin, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Voltaren, Naproxen, etc.

Narcotic pain pills . Narcotic analgesics are pain-relieving drugs whose principle of action is to inhibit the central nervous system. At the same time, other types of sensitivity remain at the same level: temperature, tactile, etc. This group of analgesic medications affects certain parts of the central nervous system, changing the “character” of pain. The complex effect of drugs on the centers of the cerebral cortex contributes to the development of a state of bliss and euphoria. With prolonged use of such medications, a person develops drug dependence.

As a rule, these medications are prescribed to reduce pain that occurs against the background of such serious diseases as myocardial infarction, malignant tumors, etc. Among the representatives of this group of drugs are Alfentanil, Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, Morphine and other drugs.

Recently, medications have been widely used that eliminate pain, but do not belong to the group of analgesics. We are talking about antispasmodics - medications that eliminate attacks of spastic pain. Such painful manifestations are the result of spasms of the smooth muscles of internal organs: the gastrointestinal tract, biliary system, and urinary tract. They often occur against the background of poor nutrition, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and other similar phenomena.

Taking antispasmodics in such situations is most effective when compared with conventional analgesics, since in order to eliminate pain it is necessary to first eliminate spasms of the smooth muscles of the internal organs. Medicines that relax smooth muscles include No-Shpa, Atropine, Papaverine, Buscopan, Spasmol, Drotaverine, etc.

Pentalgin

These painkillers are inexpensive and are usually prescribed for headaches, dental pain, muscle pain, joint pain, and other types of pain. The drug helps with radiculitis and menstrual pain. The tablets begin to act 20 minutes after administration, and the analgesic effect lasts 4-6 hours. Pentalgin has very few contraindications; patients over 18 years of age can take it (usually one tablet three times a day). If you exceed the recommended dosage, side effects may develop, and if you reduce it, the effectiveness of the drug will also decrease. In general, Pentalgin is as safe as possible, provides excellent pain relief, and is affordable.

Pentalgin

OJSC Pharmstandard-Leksredstva, Russia

— pain syndrome of various origins, incl.
pain in joints, muscles, radiculitis, algodismenorrhea, neuralgia, toothache, headache (including those caused by cerebral vasospasm); — pain syndrome associated with spasm of smooth muscles, incl. for chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, postcholecystectomy syndrome, renal colic; — post-traumatic and postoperative pain syndrome, incl. accompanied by inflammation; - colds accompanied by febrile syndrome (as symptomatic therapy). from 57

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How often does cancer pain occur?

Pain occurs in 30% of cancer patients who receive treatment and in 60–90% of patients due to disease progression. The main sources of cancer pain:

• cancer itself (45–90%);
• concomitant inflammatory reactions leading to spasm of smooth muscles (11–25%);
• pain in the area of ​​the postoperative wound after surgery (5–16%);
• concomitant pathology, for example, joint damage, arthritis (6–11%), neuralgia (5–15%).

Cancer pain syndromes are grouped:

• According to the origin of the pain flow: visceral, somatic, neuropathic, psychogenic.
• According to qualitative subjective assessment: burning, stabbing, cutting, drilling, pulsating.
• By intensity: assessed using special scales.
• Duration: acute and chronic.
• By localization: abdominal, cardialgia, lumbodynia, muscle-articular and others.

Due to significant differences in the mechanisms of pain, there is no universal analgesic to relieve all types of pain syndromes. Treatment should always be individualized.

Get rid of pain

Solpadeine Fast

These painkillers act quickly, are as safe and effective as possible, and are suitable for relieving various types of pain. Solpadeine Fast contains paracetamol and caffeine. The drug is prescribed for headaches, toothaches, migraines, neuralgia, rheumatic and muscle pain, painful periods, as well as in the complex treatment of ARVI and influenza. These soluble tablets are easily absorbed and provide an immediate positive effect. The drug is prohibited for children under 12 years of age, as well as persons with hypertension, hypersensitivity to the components of Solpadeina Fast, and people with renal and liver failure. This painkiller has minimal contraindications, a quick effect, but is overpriced.

Solpadeine Fast

GlaxoSmithKline, France

- headache;
- migraine; - toothache; - neuralgia; - muscle and rheumatic pain; - painful menstruation; - a sore throat; - to reduce elevated body temperature and symptomatic treatment of colds and flu. from 77

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Rules for taking painkillers

Painful sensations can be different: sudden and sharp, aching or pressing, increasing or paroxysmal. It is important to remain calm and try to determine what exactly is causing the discomfort.

In some cases, the body is able to overcome mild pain on its own. And with minor discomfort, you do not need to immediately resort to painkillers, so that the body does not forget how to cope with pain on its own. Otherwise, any type of pain will have to be treated with pills, which will be harmful to health.

Severe pain that occurs regularly and is difficult to treat on your own requires seeking medical help.

Basic rules for using pain medications:

1. Take on time. At the first symptoms, take a tablet, as the effect of the medicine will occur only after 20-30 minutes. For example, if you have a toothache, you shouldn’t wait for it to get worse. For migraines, it is important to take painkillers at the onset of an attack.
2. For elderly people, it is better to replace the tablet form with a local drug. For example, for pain in the knees or elbows, it is better to use a gel, ointment or a special patch.
3. Avoid alcohol. While taking analgesics, alcoholic drinks are prohibited, as they can enhance or weaken the effect of the drug. For hangover syndrome, Paracetamol is indicated, which does not irritate the stomach.
4. Do not take on an empty stomach. To protect the mucous membrane, it is advisable to drink at least kefir, if the instructions do not provide for use on an empty stomach. Take the tablet properly with warm water or tea in sufficient quantities. It is better when the tablet enters the stomach well moistened.
5. Do not divide the tablet in half. A reduced dose will not have an effect, and a damaged coating will not protect the stomach from irritation and the main active ingredient will not reach the intestines.
6. Strictly follow the dosage both for one application and per day, as indicated in the instructions. Exceeding will lead to side effects and worsening of the condition. As a rule, more than two tablets at a time are not allowed. Also take into account the need for a break between doses, the duration of which is indicated in the instructions.
7. Do not combine drugs from different groups of analgesics. Do not take analgin, aspirin, ibuprofen, paracetamol and piroxicam at the same time. As a result, the effect will not improve, and a negative effect may manifest itself in the form of nausea, weakness, dizziness, and respiratory failure. It is allowed to alternate doses, but do not take two different tablets at once.
8. Do not take the same drug often. To avoid addiction and loss of effect from use. Dependence develops especially quickly on opioid analgesics.
9. Do not use expired medications. Expired medications are deadly.

Safiston

These tablets are prescribed for mild and moderate dental pain, headaches, migraines, arthralgia, myalgia, pain during menstruation, as well as in the complex therapy of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. Safiston contains paracetamol, caffeine and propyphenazone. The drug is suitable for adults and children over 12 years of age. You should take no more than 3 tablets of painkiller per day (an hour or two after meals). Safiston should not be taken for more than five days without medical supervision. The drug relieves pain and reduces temperature an hour after administration, and its positive effect lasts about 6 hours. If you exceed the dosage of the drug, skin rash, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and sleep disturbances are possible. Contraindications to taking these pain pills include pregnancy and breastfeeding, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal, liver and kidney diseases. “Safiston” perfectly relieves pain, the effect of taking the drug lasts a long time, long-term use of the drug is possible (after consultation with a doctor), even teenagers can take it (after studying the list of contraindications), affordable cost. Cons – contraindications, which you should definitely read in the instructions.

Causes of poisoning

More than 12% of drug poisoning and overdose cases involve NSAIDs. Non-opioid analgesics are widely available and can be purchased at any pharmacy, as they are vital supplies. However, it is impossible to buy narcotic painkillers without a prescription. Their free distribution without a prescription is punishable by law. Painkillers often contain codeine, which is sought after by drug addicts.

Why does poisoning occur with painkillers:

• failure to comply with instructions or doctor's prescription;
• incorrect reception;
• doctor's error;
• increasing dosage;
• lack of knowledge about taking medication;
• low body resistance;
• combination with alcohol, drugs, other drugs;
• cumulative effect due to prolongation of the course of treatment;
• taking the drug for recreational purposes;
• intake during pregnancy;
• when attempting suicide.

Among the most dangerous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is phenacetin, previously contained in such drugs as Sedalgin and Askofen. This analgesic quite often caused the development of allergic reactions and disruption of internal organs. Today, a substance used as an antipyretic, paracetamol, is used to a greater extent in medicine.

If the patient takes the medicine as prescribed and prescribed by the doctor, an overdose of analgesics and local anesthetics occurs quite rarely. However, most often an overdose of anesthetics is used by drug addicts to achieve euphoria. Pharmacy drugs have long become a source of cheap “high” for them.