Why does the gum recede, the neck and root of the tooth become exposed? What to do to prevent and treat gum recession?

Content:

1. Causes
2. How does pathology manifest itself?
3. How is the treatment carried out?
4. Surgical techniques
5. Additional treatments
6. Preventive measures

If the gums have become detached from a wisdom tooth or any other unit, you need to visit a doctor as soon as possible.
When the soft tissues subside, the neck remains unprotected and exposed. It is not covered with a thick layer of enamel, so it immediately begins to react sharply to temperature changes. The situation is aggravated by the fact that food debris gets into the formed periodontal pocket. They accumulate there and serve as an ideal breeding ground for pathogens. If such a pocket is not cleaned in a timely manner, it will increase in size. Then it will come to edentia.

Causes

Exposed necks indicate periodontal damage. Most often the problem occurs for the following reasons:

• Genetic predisposition. When exposed to this factor, a person can very diligently monitor the health of his smile, but will still periodically encounter unpleasant dental symptoms.
• Mechanical and thermal damage. The habit of gnawing on foreign objects, eating too hot food, using a hard brush are all provocateurs that contribute to irritation.

• Poor oral hygiene. If the patient neglects basic hygiene rules, a lot of plaque is deposited on the crowns. Pathogenic microorganisms spread in it. The gums become irritated, turn red, and bleed. Gradually they begin to move away from the teeth. It is important to use a brush and paste twice a day, and undergo professional hygiene at the dentist’s office annually.
• Poorly performed prosthetics or mistakes made during filling. It is necessary that the dentures fit as tightly as possible to the bases and do not fall under pressure, otherwise the gums will be constantly injured and inflamed.
• Curvature of the bite, problems with teething “eights”, uneven edges of the crowns. All this causes the gums to move away from the tooth.
• Unbalanced diet. If a person eats only soft foods and sweets, he does not actively chew food. As a result, blood circulation in the oral tissues slows down, less saliva is released, and periodontal deposits are actively formed. These are the prerequisites for a recession.
• A large amount of tartar. Despite the fact that dentists recommend removing stones annually or even more often, many patients do this very rarely. You shouldn't wait until a serious problem arises. It is easier and cheaper to prevent it than to treat it later.
• Hormonal imbalance. Most often, this reason concerns women, for example, during pregnancy, menopause, and breastfeeding. With hormonal fluctuations, the mucous membranes become especially vulnerable. Even minor mechanical impacts cause recession.

Don't forget about the negative effects of tobacco smoke. According to statistics, smokers are much more likely to suffer from gum disease and exposed necks. They accumulate plaque faster. Therefore, if you want to have a healthy smile and visit the dentist less often, stop smoking.

What to do if the necks of teeth are exposed?

To eliminate increased sensitivity and prevent the development of cervical caries, you can cover the exposed necks of the teeth with a composite material, composite materials or veneers.

Watch the video , which demonstrates the technology of closing the neck of a tooth with COMPONERS (direct composite veneers).

We talk more about the technology of dental restoration with COMPONERS in the article What are COMPONERS and will they solve my dental problems?

Now you know the causes and consequences of gum recession and can do more to prevent gum disease

How does pathology manifest itself?

Symptoms depend on how far the gum has receded from the tooth. Most often patients complain of:

• increased bleeding and soreness of the gums;
• bad breath that cannot be eliminated with standard hygiene products;
• taste of pus;
• separation of purulent masses from the inflammatory focus;
• the appearance of deep periodontal pockets;
• loosening of individual units.

In the first days of the disease, patients may not experience any significant discomfort. They are just beginning to notice that in certain areas of the jaw the tissue seems to have sagged and become less voluminous. Because of this, the crown part of the tooth, on the contrary, looks elongated.

If the gums have peeled off, there is no need to try to do anything on your own. Without qualified help, it will still not be possible to cope with the recession. Postponing competent therapy until later is fraught with even more serious violations.

Types of diastemas

How the gap between the teeth can be removed depends on the reasons why the gap appeared. Therefore, it is very important to correctly identify the species. Diastemas are classified according to three main characteristics:

1. By time of occurrence of the defect
   :
   False
   . It is diagnosed in children when the bite is not yet fully formed. The problem disappears on its own without third-party intervention after replacing baby teeth with permanent ones.
2. True. Diagnosed in adolescents and adults in the period after the formation of the bite. It occurs due to periodontal pathologies, injuries or the absence of some frontal teeth in a row.
3. By location
   :
   Symmetrical
   . The location is determined relative to the conditional center of the dentition (usually oriented along the frenulum). The position of the incisors relative to each other is also taken into account.
4. Asymmetrical
   . Most often, one of the incisors is in its place, and the second is deviated relative to the conditional center.
5. According to the position of roots and teeth
   :
   Literal deviation of crowns
   . The defect is most often observed in people with a superset of teeth. In this case, the position of the roots is correct, but the incisors themselves deviate. Usually the gap in this case is no more than two millimeters.
6. Hull literal offset
   . A common cause of the defect is excessively compacted bone tissue of the middle suture, which does not allow teeth to erupt in the place where they are needed. It is expressed in the lateral displacement of both the root and the incisor.
7. Medial tilt
   . The most complex defect that can occur with the central incisors. As in the previous case, teeth and roots shift, but they can grow not only to the sides, but also with a displacement around their own axis.

To understand how to remove the gap between the front teeth and which method is best to choose, the dentist must correctly determine the type of diastema. Keep in mind that it is impossible to get rid of a gap on your own or at home - you cannot do this without the help of a specialized doctor.

How is the treatment carried out?

Some people think that they can be cured with regular rinses. Unfortunately, it is not. The first step is to make an appointment with a dental hygienist. The doctor removes soft and hard deposits from the surface of the crowns and subgingival area in one session.

The following methods are used to remove stone:

• Instrumental. Involves the use of special scrapers that remove deposits. It is considered outdated and is extremely rarely used by doctors, as it is traumatic.
• Ultrasonic. Using an ultrasonic scaler, the doctor crushes the stones into tiny particles. This equipment produces waves of the required frequency, which easily destroy dental plaque.
• Sandblasting. It is the most modern and safe. The doctor delivers the cleaning solution under high pressure. Abrasive particles wash away deposits from crowns and effectively flush out existing pockets. The advantage of the technique is to achieve the effect of teeth whitening by one or two shades.

If the hygiene procedure does not help and the problem is serious, the patient is prescribed surgical treatment.

ELIMINATION TACTICS

Any specialist in the dental niche, providing his services, is obliged to create an ideal fit of the orthopedic structure on the bed. That is, even if minor changes occur in the distance between the device and the working surface, the gap should remain at the optimal permissible width.

It is also important to take into account the fact that any foreign body in contact with organs and tissues of the body can initially cause discomfort, which normally can last no more than one week.

If, after this period, the body continues to signal with unpleasant symptoms, then this is a good reason to seek medical help.

If the gap between the crown and the gum has widened beyond normal limits, doctors solve the problem in the following ways:

1. Local anti-inflammatory and antiseptic treatment is carried out by treating damaged areas with gels, ointments and other effective means. In this case, the structure itself is first removed from the oral cavity.
2. The dental device is adjusted and adjustments are made to its parameters. If the product is unsuitable, the doctor decides to make a new design. Before this, it is important to obtain orthopantomogram data.
3. The orthopedist can grind and adjust the prosthesis right in his office when the patient contacts him. All actions are performed depending on the clinical picture.

If the problem lies in the loosening of problem units, they are strengthened. After this, the prosthetics are repeated.

The rarest occurrence is the peeling of the structure when it comes to a bridge. The trouble is accompanied by a change in the position of the supporting units, which results in the need for re-prosthetics.

To avoid this, you need to go to the clinic where the installation procedure was carried out on the same day and eliminate any existing defects and defects.

Attention! Installation of crowns is permanent prosthetics. Therefore, it is not possible to simply remove the device and rinse it under clean running water or clean it using special products and return it to its place.

If the gap has increased, it means that it is urgently necessary to take measures to normalize its size.

Mechanical enlargement of the gap has one solution - reinstallation of the prosthesis. The specialist dismantles the system for correction or completely replaces it, after carrying out health measures and following a competent algorithm of actions during installation.

Surgical techniques

In advanced situations, plaque removal alone is not enough. Then there may be a need for open or closed curettage. It is indicated if the gums are very severely detached from the dental neck and the bone structure is changed.

The dentist-surgeon treats the lesion with an antiseptic, makes a small incision and removes purulent deposits and affected tissue . Then the gum is sutured. All manipulations are performed under local anesthesia. This means that the patient is conscious and can communicate with the doctor, but does not feel pain.

For a speedy recovery after curettage, antibiotics and mouth rinsing with an anti-inflammatory solution are prescribed. If the pain after surgery is very severe, the patient can use painkillers.

Associated symptoms

Often gum swelling is accompanied by other symptoms:

• swelling of the cheek;
• fistula formation;
• tooth pain;
• bleeding gums;
• sensation of a metallic bite;
• redness of the gums;
• discharge of pus from the carious cavity;
• loosening of the crown;
• the appearance of ulcers;
• increase in general body temperature;
• the appearance of white plaque on the gums.

If there are signs of a purulent process, then contacting a dentist should be done immediately. Complications can lead to serious consequences not only for the oral cavity, but also for the entire body.

Additional treatments

Considering that gums become inflamed for various reasons, it is important to try to find out the provoking factor. Then the risk of relapse of dental pathology can be reduced to a minimum.

If the doctor determines that the disorder is related to hormonal levels, it is necessary to select hormonal therapy . In case of malocclusion, consultation with an orthodontist is indicated. If the diet is unbalanced, the patient is told what the diet should be like after recovery.

Often, when fighting gum that has receded from a tooth, anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulators, glucocorticosteroids, and antiseptics are used. It is very important that the patient strictly follows all medical prescriptions and does not engage in amateur activities. An integrated and responsible approach to treating recession is a guarantee of a speedy recovery.

If the tissues become so inflamed that the teeth begin to loosen, splinting may be required. If there is a deficiency of bone tissue, their deficiency is compensated with special compounds.

Forecast

Proper and timely medical care will help restore the integrity of periodontal tissues, prevent gum destruction and tooth decay.

Recession requires mandatory treatment. Ignoring pathology can lead to tooth loss. In addition, possible complications may include:

• lymphadenitis;
• damage to the bone tissue of the jaw;
• periostitis;
• heart diseases;
• pathologies of the endocrine system;
• respiratory diseases of infectious etiology.

Prevention of the development of the disease is as follows:

• quality oral care;
• balanced diet;
• strengthening the immune system;
• systematically undergoing preventive examinations;
• professional oral hygiene every six months.

Preventive measures

To prevent gums from moving away from the tooth, you need to follow simple recommendations:

• brush your teeth twice a day;
• use a properly selected brush and paste;
• visit the dentist in a timely manner;
• prevent tartar from forming;
• no smoking;
• eat more solid foods;
• Healthy food.

At the first sign of a recession, you should see a doctor. Then the disease can be stopped very quickly.

Home care and postoperative period

After treating gum recession, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics, rinses, topical gels, and other topical treatments to prevent complications and speed up the healing process. It is also important to prefer gentle, soft food at a comfortable temperature, and perform regular hygiene according to the recommendations of a specialist.

The dentist will recommend replacing your hard toothbrush with a soft one, and as healing progresses, you will likely need a toothbrush with medium-hard bristles. In addition, the doctor will definitely show the correct cleaning movements and tell you what pressure will be optimal. In many cases, such measures are sufficient to eliminate the causes of exposed tooth necks, as well as maintain treatment results.